<div dir="ltr"><div>Hi Klaus,</div><div><br></div><div>Thank you for this useful workaround, it certainly helps me understand better how FLASH can be used.</div><div><br></div><div>Incidentally, I did try "freezing" the solid by lowering its temperature as far as seemed reasonable (down to < 1 mK). Even here, artificial shocks immediately evolved. (I did no careful study of how the shock magnitude/propagation was affected.)</div><div><br></div><div>Thank you,</div><div>Brian<br></div><div><div><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div style="font-size:12.8px"><div>--</div><div><span style="font-size:12.8px">Brian Kraus</span></div><div dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:12.8px">Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory</span><br></div><div dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:12.8px">Office: (609) 243-3205, </span><span style="font-size:12.8px">Cell: (719) 306-5524</span></div><div>E-mail: <a href="mailto:bkraus@pppl.gov" target="_blank">bkraus@pppl.gov<br></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Fri, Apr 26, 2019 at 12:14 PM Klaus Weide <<a href="mailto:klaus@flash.uchicago.edu">klaus@flash.uchicago.edu</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">On Thu, 25 Apr 2019, Brian Kraus wrote:<br>
<br>
> I am not sure if these shocks affect any dynamics<br>
> from the laser, but it would be nice to properly model a solid that does<br>
> not support these relaxation shocks.<br>
<br>
FLASH currently does not track interfaces between materials explicitly, <br>
and does not know about things such as surface tension or the properties <br>
of solids such as pressure and tensile forces. So an initial condition<br>
with a strong pressure gradient somewhere - especially a jump such as<br>
at a solid-gas boundary - will unavoidably lead to some motion.<br>
<br>
A workaround that I have used is to "freeze" the solid material until it <br>
is significantly heated. I don't mean by lowering the initial temperature <br>
(although that might help, too), but by initially making the interface of <br>
the solid material act like a domain boundary as far as hydrodynamics is <br>
concerned. This can be done by using BDRY_VAR and setting it to +1 in the <br>
solid. After heating (such as by a laser) has started, cells whose <br>
temperature exceeds some threshold can be released by setting the BDRY_VAR <br>
value to -1. This can be done every time step in <br>
Simulation_adjustEvolution, for example.<br>
<br>
Klaus<br>
</blockquote></div>